إِذْ قَالَ يُوسُفُ لِأَبِيهِ يَٰٓأَبَتِ إِنِّى رَأَيْتُ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ كَوْكَبًا وَٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ رَأَيْتُهُمْ لِى سَٰجِدِينَ

“When Joseph said unto his father: O my father! Lo! I saw in a dream eleven planets and the sun and the moon, I saw them prostrating themselves unto me.” — M. M. Pickthall

Tafsirs

AI-generated
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified

Fahreddin er-Râzî, in addressing the expression in Yusuf's dream of the sun, moon and stars prostrating before him, conveys that this prostration should not be interpreted in the literal sense, but rather as a prostration for Yusuf's benefit/advantage, or that Yusuf is made like the qibla and the prostration is a prostration of gratitude directed toward Allah. He also explains from the perspective of language and eloquence the repetition of the dream twice, the stars being mentioned first followed by the sun and moon, and then their being mentioned again, and their ordering (being given precedence in terms of nobility). He also discusses the possibility that all of Yaqub's eleven sons could have been prophets, and notes that the wrong they committed against Yusuf occurred before prophethood, and that infallibility is only valid during the time of prophethood.

وعندي أن هذا التأويل متعين ، لأنه لا يستبعد من عقل يوسف ودينه أن يرضى بأن يسجد له أبوه مع سابقته في حقوق الولادة والشيخوخة والعلم والدين وكمال النبوة
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified

Kurtubî states that the particle 'idh' is in the position of adverbial nasb, and means 'when Yusuf, remind them of the time.' He then relates the discussions about different readings of the name 'Yûsuf' (readings with and without the hamza) and whether this name is Arabic or a foreign (non-Arab) name. According to one view, the name derives from the combination of the meanings 'asaf' (sorrow) and 'asîr' (slave) in Yusuf. He also mentions the names of the eleven stars in one narration, and conveys narrations from Ibn Abbas and Katâda that these stars are his brothers, the sun is his mother, and the moon is his father.

الأسف في اللغة الحزن والأسيف العبد وقد اجتمعا في يوسف فلذلك سمى يوسف
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Ibn Kesîr, it was permissible in the previous laws that passed from Adam to the law of Jesus to prostrate when greeting an elder; however, in the law of this ummah, prostration has been made exclusively for Allah and thus forbidden. For this reason, Yusuf's brothers prostrating before him is an example of this practice which was permissible in their own law.

وقد كان هذا سائغا في شرائعهم إذا سلموا على الكبير يسجدون له ولم يزل هذا جائزا من لدن آدم إلى شريعة عيسى عليه السلام فحرم هذا في هذه الملة وجعل السجود مختصا بجناب الرب سبحانه وتعالى
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified

Beydâvî explains in detail the linguistic elements in this verse: the 'ta' in the expression 'yâ abat' is actually a compensatory substitution for the letter 'ya', and he grounds different reading forms (with fatha, kasra, damma) from a grammatical perspective. He also clarifies that the expression 'ra'îtu min al-ru'yâ' derives from the word 'ru'yâ' and not from 'ru'ya', and he supports this with other verses in the context of the verse. Finally, he relates a narration that a Jewish person asked the Prophet about the names of the stars and Gabriel informed him.

يا أبت أصله يا أبي فعوض عن الياء تاء التأنيث لتناسبهما في الزيادة ولذلك قلبها هاء في الوقف ابن كثير وأبو عمرو ويعقوب وكسرها لأنها عوض حرف يناسبها
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Taberî, the eleven stars that Yusuf saw in his dream represent his brothers, and the sun and moon represent his mother and father. He supports this view with narrations related from Ibn Abbas, Katâda, Ibn Jurayj and Sufyan, and also explains from a linguistic perspective the reason why the sun and moon are referred to with the expression 'sâjidîn' (in a manner specific to humans).

الكواكب: إخوته، والشمس والقمر: أبواه
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Zemahşerî, the word 'Yûsuf' is a Hebrew name; the view of some that it is Arabic is not accepted as correct, because if it were Arabic it would require the tanwîn (to be mansarif). Moreover, since the famous reading testifies that this word is foreign (non-Arab), it is not possible for the same word to be sometimes counted as Arabic and sometimes as foreign. The fact that only Benjamin is meant by the expression 'wa-akhûh' in the verse stems from their being from the same mother.

لأنه لو كان عربيا لانصرف لخلوه عن سبب آخر سوى التعريف

Comparison

Common ground

Most of the exegetes (Taberî, Kurtubî, Beydâvî, Zemahşerî) approach the verse primarily from the perspective of language, reading variants and rhetoric; the interpretation that the eleven stars in the dream represent the brothers, and the sun and moon represent the parents is shared between Taberî and Kurtubî through narration chains.

Differences

While Fahreddin er-Râzî addresses the prostration issue in the rational-theological dimension (literal/figurative meaning, discussion of infallibility), Ibn Kesîr explains it within the framework of differences between laws; Kurtubî and Zemahşerî diverge in the discussion of whether the name 'Yûsuf' is Arabic or foreign with linguistic justifications; Beydâvî focuses on more technical linguistic points such as the distinction between ru'ya and ru'ya. These differences largely stem from each exegete's dominant methodology (in Fahreddin er-Râzî theology, in Taberî-Kurtubî narration, in Zemahşerî-Beydâvî language-rhetoric).

Historical context

While the earliest exegete Taberî presents a narration-focused reading, in later periods Zemahşerî and Beydâvî see the emergence of linguistic-grammatical analysis to the forefront, and in Fahreddin er-Râzî rational-theological discussion deepens; a return to narration is notable in Ibn Kesîr. While the basic narrative elements (stars-brothers, sun-moon-parents) remain fixed, the methodological emphasis has diversified over time.

Modern connection

This multi-faceted reading shows what kind of quest for harmony between knowledge and faith is carried in the attempt to understand a text together with different branches of learning (language, narration, reason). The theme of jealousy among brothers and remorse offers a cautious reminder about the importance of patience and forgiveness in family relationships. The fact that different exegetes look at the same verse respectfully from different angles points to the value of a tolerant and multi-dimensional approach when approaching knowledge.

AI analysis — not a fatwa or ruling, not yet reviewed by a scholar