إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَٰهُ قُرْءَٰنًا عَرَبِيًّا لَّعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ

“Lo! We have revealed it, a Lecture in Arabic, that ye may understand.” — M. M. Pickthall

Tafsirs

AI-generated
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Taberî, the description of the Qur'an as 'an Arabic Qur'an' in this verse indicates that Allah sent each prophet in the language of his people, and therefore this book sent to the Arab nation was revealed in Arabic so that they could understand it. Furthermore, the views of grammarians are conveyed regarding how the word Qur'an comes in the accusative case as 'قرآنا عربيا'; it is noted that this expression is in the state of appositional description (hāl) from the preceding word 'هذا القرآن'. Additionally, the text transmits a narration stating that this verse was revealed when the Companions requested stories from the Prophet.

يقول تعالى ذكره: إنا أنزلنا هذا الكتاب المبين قرآنا عربيا على العرب، لأن لسانهم وكلامهم عربي، فأنزلنا هذا الكتاب بلسانهم ليعقلوه ويفقهوا منه
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Zemahşerî, two views are transmitted regarding the expression 'the blessed night': the first is the Night of Power (Qadr), the second is the fifteenth night of the month of Sha'bān (Night of Barāah). According to the Night of Barāah view, this night is given four names such as the Blessed Night, the Night of Barāah, the Night of Sakk, and the Night of Mercy, and five specific characteristics of this night are counted (the division of decree, the excellence of worship, the descent of mercy, the realization of forgiveness, and the completion of the Prophet's intercession). However, Zemahşerî states that the view of the majority is that the 'blessed night' is the Night of Power.

والقول الأكثر أن المراد بالليلة المباركة : ليلة القدر ، لقوله تعالى
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified

According to this exegete, the description of the Qur'an with the attribute 'clear/manifest' (mubīn) can be understood in three ways: the Qur'an is a clear miracle for Prophet Muhammad; guidance and righteousness as well as the lawful and unlawful are explained in it; and the stories and circumstances of the ancients are expounded there. Furthermore, the expression 'an Arabic Qur'an' is connected, through a narration concerning how Jewish scholars made the polytheist leaders ask the Prophet about the migration of the Jacob family from al-Shām to Egypt and the manner of the story of Joseph, to the purpose of facilitating the expression and understanding of the story through Arabic words.

روي أن علماء اليهود قالوا لكبراء المشركين ، سلوا محمدا لم انتقل آل يعقوب من الشام إلى مصر ، وعن كيفية قصة يوسف ، فأنزل الله تعالى هذه الآية
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified

Kurtubî in this text addresses the grammatical analysis (reason for the accusative case) of the word 'قرآنا' in the expression 'قرآنا عربيا' by conveying different views among linguists; he also transmits the connection of the verse with the revelation of the Qur'an as a whole on the Night of Power and then its piecemeal transmission, the narrations transmitted from Ibn 'Abbās, and Ibn 'Arabī's objection to this narration which he declared invalid regarding the claim of 'intermediary' (wasīta).

قال إبن العربي : وهذا باطل ليس بين جبريل وبين الله واسطة ولا بين جبريل ومحمد عليهما السلام واسطة
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Ibn Kesîr, the revelation of the Qur'an in Arabic is because the Arabic language is the most eloquent, the clearest, and the most expansive in expressing meanings. For this reason, the most honored book was revealed in the most honored language, to the most honored prophet, through the mediation of angels, in the most honored region of the earth, and in Ramadan, the most honored month of the year, thus achieving perfection in every respect. Because the Qur'an is in Arabic, clear, and comprehensible, its meanings are detailed and its words are free from difficulty.

وذلك لأن لغة العرب أفصح اللغات وأبينها وأوسعها وأكثرها تأدية للمعاني التي تقوم بالنفوس فلهذا أنزل أشرف الكتب بأشرف اللغات على أشرف الرسل بسفارة الملائكة
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Beydāwī, the pronoun 'tilka' (those) refers to the verses of the chapter and these are 'the Book'; these verses are clear in that they are miracles, or their meanings are manifest, or they are of such a nature as to inform the one who reflects that they come from Allah. Furthermore, according to a narration, these verses were revealed when Jewish scholars told the polytheist leaders to ask the Prophet about the migration of the Jacob family from al-Shām to Egypt and the story of Joseph. The expression 'an Arabic Qur'an' indicates that the word is originally a common noun (jins) but later became a proper noun specific to the whole through predominance (galaba), and the accusative case is explained through various grammatical interpretations; 'perhaps you will understand' (lealleküm ta'kılûn) expresses the purpose of the revelation being in this manner (collective or in their own language), namely that it is understood and grasped by reason, and moreover that such a story being narrated by someone who has not received learning is a miracle that cannot be conceived of except through revelation, which is knowable to reason.

تلك إشارة إلى آيات السورة وهي المراد ب الكتاب، أي تلك الآيات آيات السورة الظاهر أمرها في الإعجاز أو الواضحة معانيها، أو المبينة لمن تدبرها أنها من عند الله

Comparison

Common ground

Taberî, Fahreddin er-Râzî, Kurtubî, Ibn Kesîr, and Beydāwī concur that the Qur'an being in Arabic serves the purpose of enabling the people to understand it and the clarity of the message. Furthermore, many of them (Taberî, Fahreddin er-Râzî, Kurtubî, and Beydāwī) discuss the grammatical aspect (i'rāb/syntax) of the expression 'an Arabic Qur'an' from a linguistic perspective and make reference to a narration regarding the question of Jewish scholars or a similar reason for revelation (sabab al-nuzūl).

Differences

Zemahşerî addresses the topic from a different angle and focuses on the expression 'the blessed night' and compares the views of the Night of Power and the Night of Barāah; he bases himself on the view of the majority. Ibn Kesîr centers linguistic analysis and deals with the honor of the Qur'an within the unity of time-place-messenger, giving less place to narration. While Taberî and Kurtubî give more detailed attention to grammatical discussions, Beydāwī emphasizes the referent of the pronoun and the purpose of the expression 'perhaps you will understand'. These differences relate to the methodological priorities of the exegetes (exegesis emphasizing linguistics, exegesis emphasizing narration, emphasis on scholastic theology/miracle).

Historical context

In the process extending from Taberî to Beydāwī, linguistic/grammatical analysis and transmission of narrations continued as a constant method, but over time (particularly in Fahreddin er-Râzî and Beydāwī) rational reasoning and emphasis on miracles became more systematic. While fundamental elements such as the grammatical case of the word and narrations regarding the reason for revelation remained unchanged, the framework of interpretation (whether purely linguistics, theological explanation, or narration takes priority) was shaped according to the exegete's method.

Modern connection

This comparative reading reminds us that the revelation of the divine message in an understandable language points to the importance of understanding and reasoning in the attainment of knowledge. In our time too, careful examination of language and context for the correct understanding of a text or information can nurture a harmonious attitude between knowledge and faith. Furthermore, the respectful transmission of different interpretations together can serve as an example of a tolerant and multifaceted approach to learning.

AI analysis — not a fatwa or ruling, not yet reviewed by a scholar