بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ الٓر تِلْكَ ءَايَٰتُ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ ٱلْمُبِينِ
“Alif. Lam. Ra. These are verse of the Scripture that maketh plain.” — M. M. Pickthall
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified
Taberî prefers not to confine the attribute of 'mübin' (manifest/clear) to a specific part of the Book (such as lawful-unlawful, guidance-misguidance, or certain letters omitted from Arabic), but rather embraces that it encompasses all the meanings contained in the book (lawful, unlawful, prohibition, and all other varieties of meaning). He argues that the expression 'al-Kitab al-Mübin' in this verse means that it is clear and comprehensible in all its content to whoever reads it and reflects upon what it contains.
والصواب من القول في ذلك عندي أن يقال: معناه: هذه آيات الكتاب المبين، لمن تلاه وتدبر ما فيه من حلاله وحرامه ونهيه وسائر ما حواه من صنوف معانيه؛ لأن الله جل ثناؤه أخبر أنه مبين، ولم يخص إبانته عن بعض ما فيه دون جميعه، فذلك على جميعه
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Zemahşerî, the expression 'al-Kitab al-Mübin' can be understood in several ways: it being miraculous verses that render the Arabs incapable and silent, its clarity that shows to those who reflect upon it that it comes from Allah, the fact that its meaning does not remain hidden to the Arabs due to it being revealed in the Arabic language, or that it has clarified the story of Yusuf which the Jews had asked about. As a basis for this last interpretation, it is narrated that Jewish scholars suggested to the polytheist elders to ask the Prophet why the family of Jacob migrated from the Levant to Egypt and about the story of Yusuf.
فقد روي أن علماء اليهود قالوا لكبراء المشركين : سلوا محمدا لم انتقل آل يعقوب من الشام إلى مصر ؟ وعن قصة يوسف
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified
According to this exegete, 'al-Kitab al-Mübin' may be the Preserved Tablet or the book that Allah promised to reveal to Muhammad; the attribute 'mübin' can be explained in multiple ways such as the clarification of lawful and unlawful, the clarification through its eloquence that it is the speech of Allah, the clarification of the truth of prophethood, the clarification of the news of the former and latter peoples, or the clarification of the path to salvation from the doubts of the people of misguidance. Furthermore, the qualification of the Qur'an as 'mübin' is connected to reasons such as its being a miracle, the clarification within it of guidance, lawful and unlawful, and the explanation of the stories of the former peoples. It is stated that this verse was revealed when Jewish scholars suggested to the polytheist elders to ask about how the family of Jacob migrated from the Levant to Egypt and the nature of the story of Yusuf, and that the purpose of narrating the story in Arabic expressions was to enable understanding and acquisition of knowledge.
روي أن علماء اليهود قالوا لكبراء المشركين ، سلوا محمدا لم انتقل آل يعقوب من الشام إلى مصر ، وعن كيفية قصة يوسف ، فأنزل الله تعالى هذه الآية
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Kurtubî, what is meant by 'al-Kitab al-Mübin' is the Qur'an, which clarifies its lawful and unlawful rulings, its guidance and blessing. Furthermore, according to one view, what is meant by 'tilka' (that) is these verses that were promised in the Torah; that is, 'tilka' here means 'hazihi' (this).
والمبين أي المبين بركته وخيره والمبين الحق من الباطل والحلال من الحرام وقصص الأنبياء ونبوة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Ibn Kesîr, this expression points to the verses of the 'manifest Book', indicating that this Book is a clear and evident Book that distinguishes truth from falsehood, and guidance from misguidance. Furthermore, it is emphasized that this Book possesses a quality that reveals the realities of what has been and what will be.
أى هذه آيات القرآن المبين أي البين الواضح الجلي الذي يفصل بين الحق والباطل والغي والرشاد
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified
Beydâvî states that the demonstrative 'tilka' refers to the verses of the surah itself and 'al-Kitab' is meant by them; he says that these verses are clear either in terms of being miraculous or in terms of their meanings being evident, or that they show to those who reflect that they come from Allah. Furthermore, according to one narration, he transmits that these verses were revealed when Jewish scholars suggested to the polytheist elders to ask the Prophet about how the family of Jacob migrated from the Levant to Egypt and the story of Yusuf. He explains that the word 'Qur'an' is originally a common noun and has become a proper noun for the whole by prevalence, and that the word 'arabiyyen' carries different grammatical parsing possibilities as a circumstantial state.
تلك إشارة إلى آيات السورة وهي المراد ب الكتاب، أي تلك الآيات آيات السورة الظاهر أمرها في الإعجاز أو الواضحة معانيها، أو المبينة لمن تدبرها أنها من عند الله
Comparison
Common ground
All exegetes agree that the attribute 'mübin' (manifest) in the expression 'al-Kitab al-Mübin' should be addressed through a linguistic and rhetorical analysis; most of them interpret this as the miracle of the Qur'an, its clarity, and as evidence that it comes from Allah. Zemahşerî, Razî, and Beydâvî additionally share a common contextual basis in the narration regarding the Jewish scholars' suggestion to the polytheists to ask the Prophet about the migration of Jacob's family and the story of Yusuf.
Differences
While Taberî prefers to make the attribute 'mübin' encompass the entire book, Razî and Ibn Kesîr list multifaceted and comprehensive meanings such as the clarification of lawful and unlawful, guidance, and news of the past and future. Kurtubî differently adds that the pronoun 'tilka' can be connected to the promise in the Torah; Beydâvî, on the other hand, places emphasis on linguistic grammatical analysis (such as 'arabiyyen' being a circumstantial state). These differences stem from the methodological difference between the exegetical schools of the exegetes (Zemahşerî's emphasis on rhetoric, Razî's theological multidimensionality) and the approach emphasizing narration and hadith (Ibn Kesîr).
Historical context
The simple and comprehensive interpretation seen in the early exegete Taberî was enriched in later periods (Zemahşerî, Razî, Beydâvî) with detailed linguistic and narration-based justifications; in Kurtubî and Ibn Kesîr, the juridical and historical context became more prominent. While the fundamental framework (the clarity of the Qur'an and its divine origin) remained constant, the methods of explanation and the narrations relied upon diversified over time.
Modern connection
This comparative reading reminds us that a text can be understood in depth from different perspectives and that this can serve as an example of a harmonious working relationship between knowledge and faith. The complementary interpretations of the exegetes can point, in our time as well, to the value of an open-minded, patient, and multidimensional attitude toward learning. Such an approach can, at the societal level, encourage tolerance toward different viewpoints and constructive dialogue in the pursuit of a common truth.
AI analysis — not a fatwa or ruling, not yet reviewed by a scholar