وَإِذْ قُلْنَا ٱدْخُلُوا۟ هَٰذِهِ ٱلْقَرْيَةَ فَكُلُوا۟ مِنْهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ رَغَدًا وَٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُولُوا۟ حِطَّةٌ نَّغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطَٰيَٰكُمْ وَسَنَزِيدُ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ
“And when We said: Go into this township and eat freely of that which is therein, and enter the gate prostrate, and say: "Repentance." We will forgive you your sins and will increase (reward) for the right-doers.” — M. M. Pickthall
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Taberî, the command to eat from the sacrificial animal is not a command of obligation (wujub), but rather a command of permissibility (ibaha). Since there is no disagreement among scholars that a person who slaughters their sacrifice but does not eat from its meat has not neglected something that is obligatory for them, it is understood that this command expresses permissibility rather than obligation.
وهذا الأمر من الله جل ثناؤه أمر إباحة، لا أمر إيجاب، وذلك أنه لا خلاف بين جميع الحجة أن ذابح هديه، أو بدنته هنالك، إن لم يأكل من هديه، أو بدنته، أنه لم يضيع له فرضا كان واجبا عليه، فكان معلوما بذلك أنه غير واجب
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified
This passage contains only the verse references and transitional phrases from a section where Zemahşerî makes a comparison/classification between verses; since the actual explanatory text is not provided, no concrete view regarding the verse can be drawn from this. The text indicates that the subject being examined is an example through reference to verses al-Baqarah 58 and al-A'raf 161 ('and among them is what we are concerned with'), and transitions to a second example. Since the content is incomplete/fragmented, the actual exegetical ruling cannot be understood.
ومنه ما نحن بصدده . والثاني : نحو قوله تعالى :
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified
Ibn Kesîr reports that the Children of Israel disobeyed the command to enter the city while prostrating/bowing and saying 'hittah' (asking for forgiveness), and instead entered through a small gate dragging their backs, and instead of saying 'hittah' they mockingly said 'hintah tun fi sha'irah tin' (a grain of wheat in a hair). He also lists different views of companions and followers in interpreting the words 'qariben' and 'mu'tarr', transmitting that these words mean begging/abstinence, poverty/hospitality. As a conclusion, he states that the essence of the command is to submit to Allah both in deed and word, to confess sins and seek forgiveness.
قال ركعا من باب صغير فدخلوا من قبل أستاههم وقالوا حنطة فذلك قوله تعالى قال الثوري عن الأعمش عن المنهال عن سعيد بن جبير عن أبي عباس قال مغفرة أستغفروا
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Beydâvî, 'karya' refers to Baytul-Maqdis (or Jericho) and the Children of Israel were commanded to enter there after the period of tih (wandering in the desert). The word 'bab' refers either to the gate of the city or the dome where they prayed, because the Children of Israel did not enter Baytul-Maqdis during the lifetime of Moses. The word 'hittah' means their requests or commands, meaning 'remove our sins from us'; it is indicated that their errors would be forgiven through prostration and prayers, while those with excellence would have their reward increased.
وادخلوا الباب أي باب القرية، أو القبة التي كانوا يصلون إليها، فإنهم لم يدخلوا بيت المقدس في حياة موسى عليه الصلاة والسلام.
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified
According to this exegete, the expression 'gate' refers to a specific gate called the Gate of Hittah in Baytul-Maqdis; prostration does not mean actual prostration, but rather bowing while passing through the narrow gate or submitting with humility. The saying of 'hittah' is an istighfar done with the tongue, and when it is combined with the heart's repentance and the reverence of the bodily organs, it becomes a means for the forgiveness of sins.
فالحاصل أنه أمر القوم بأن يدخلوا الباب على وجه الخضوع وأن يذكروا بلسانهم التماس حط الذنوب
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified
Kurtubî reports that according to the majority view, the word 'karya' in the verse refers to Baytul-Maqdis, some say Jericho, and the gate is the 'Bab al-Hittah' known in Baytul-Maqdis. He also states that according to Ibn Abbas, the word 'sujud' means bowing with ruku', and according to some others it means humility and reverence without being bound to a specific form.
قال بن عباس : منحنين ركوعا وقيل : متواضعين خضوعا لا على هيئة متعينة
Comparison
Common ground
Beydâvî, Fahreddin er-Râzî, and Kurtubî largely overlap on the points that 'karya' refers to Baytul-Maqdis (or Jericho), the 'gate' is a known gate (Bab al-Hittah), and the expression of sujud/ruku' refers to humility and submission rather than an actual physical form; Ibn Kesîr also presents a similar framework by supporting this story of disobedience with reports. Taberî, however, argues in a different verse context (the command to eat from the sacrifice) that the command expresses permissibility rather than obligation.
Differences
Taberî's view differs in subject matter from the others; while he discusses the binding nature of the command through linguistic/rhetorical analysis, Beydâvî, Râzî, Kurtubî, and Ibn Kesîr focus on the same narrative (the Children of Israel's entry into the city) and examine the semantic layers of words like 'hittah', 'sujud', and 'qariben/mu'tarr'. While Râzî interprets prostration as humility/submission, Kurtubî transmits both the meaning of ruku' and general humility together; Ibn Kesîr places more emphasis on the moral-narrative dimension of the event (the mocking attitude, confession, and seeking forgiveness). The text attributed to Zemahşerî is incomplete and therefore cannot be included in the comparison.
Historical context
Taberî, an earlier period exegete, embraces a method of drawing a juridical ruling based on language and reports, while later period exegetes (Râzî, Kurtubî, Beydâvî) combine linguistic analysis with reports and elaborate the same narrative in detail. This shows that in the exegetical tradition, the balance between linguistic refinement and transmission has been maintained over time, but interpretations have become enriched in terms of detail and emphasis.
Modern connection
This comparative reading reminds us that words of seeking forgiveness gain meaning only when accompanied by repentance in the heart and humility in actions; this points to the principle that the essence of worship must be sought in sincerity (ikhlas) rather than mere form. Additionally, the way different exegetes address the same verse using different linguistic and report tools serves as a reminder for our time of the value of multi-dimensional thinking and patient, deep investigation in the scholarly tradition.
AI analysis — not a fatwa or ruling, not yet reviewed by a scholar