قُلْنَا ٱهْبِطُوا۟ مِنْهَا جَمِيعًا فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُم مِّنِّى هُدًى فَمَن تَبِعَ هُدَاىَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ

“We said: Go down, all of you, from hence; but verily there cometh unto you from Me a guidance; and whoso followeth My guidance, there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve.” — M. M. Pickthall

Tafsirs

AI-generated
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Taberî, the expression in the verse indicates that martyrs/the righteous will not grieve over the worldly life they have left behind, the pleasures they have abandoned, and the worldly blessings they have forsaken; when they witness the honor and reward they receive in Allah's presence, they will not sorrow over what they have left behind. This situation is mentioned together with their being secure from the fear and terror of the Day of Judgment.

على ما فاتهم من دنياهم التي تركوها، وشهواتهم التي تجنبوها، اتباعا منهم لنهي الله عنها إذا عاينوا من كرامة الله ما عاينوا هنالك
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Zemahşerî, the (إن) here is a conditional particle whose meaning is reinforced by (ما), and for this reason either a doubled or light nun has been added to its verb. Furthermore, it is also narrated that 'comes' verb, according to its plural form, is read as 'تأتينكم' with a te. Through a narration from Ibn Abbas, it is stated that Allah has promised to the one who follows the Qur'an not to deviate in this world and not to be wretched in the Hereafter.

وعن ابن عباس : ضمن الله لمن اتبع القرآن أن لا يضل في الدنيا ولا يشقى في الآخرة
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified

This text discusses the question of why the address 'اهبطوا' seems to be directed at more than two people in plural form, and the wisdom of the second repetition of the 'ihbat' command. Râzî finds Jubbâ'î's mention of two different descents (from Paradise to the world's sky, then from the sky to the earth) weak and puts forward his own view: After Adam and Eve repent, the command to descend is repeated so that they understand that the descent order is not merely a punishment for their lapse, but rather the realization of a prior promise whose validity is preserved even after repentance. Moreover, it is also transmitted that according to Abû Muslim, the difference in address between 'اهبطا' and 'اهبطوا' originates from Adam and his descendants as well as Iblis and his descendants each being considered as a category.

وعندي فيه وجه ثالث أقوى من هذين الوجهين وهو أن آدم وحواء لما أتيا بالزلة أمرا بالهبوط فتابا بعد الأمر بالهبوط ووقع في قلبهما أن الأمر بالهبوط لما كان بسبب الزلة فبعد التوبة وجب أن لا يبقى الأمر بالهبوط فأعاد الله تعالى الأمر بالهبوط مرة ثانية ليعلما أن الأمر بالهبوط ما كان جزاء على ارتكاب الزلة حتى يزول بزوالها بل الأمر بالهبوط باق بعد التوبة
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Kurtubî, the expression 'فلا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون' indicates that those whom Allah has made His allies and whom He protects and watches over will not fear on the Day of Judgment and will not grieve over what they have lost in the world. Some scholars have stated that this expression does not entirely negate the terrors of the Day of Judgment, but rather this terror will be lightened for obedient servants, and once they attain mercy, it will be as if they never feared at all. Furthermore, different views have been transmitted regarding the word 'huda,' namely that it is Allah's Book, guidance toward success, or the Prophets.

والمعنى في الآية : فلا خوف عليهم فيما بين أيديهم من الآخرة ولا هم يحزنون على ما فاتهم من الدنيا وقيل : ليس فيه دليل على نفي أهوال يوم القيامة وخوفها على المطيعين لما وصفه الله تعالى ورسوله من شدائد القيامة إلا أنه يخففه عن المطيعين وإذا صاروا إلى رحمته فكأنهم لم يخافوا والله أعلم
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified

Ibn Kesîr transmits various narrations concerning the event of Adam's descent from Paradise to the earth (such as his descent to India, the descent of the Black Stone and Paradise leaves, where Iblis and Eve descended, etc.). Furthermore, transmitting from Râzî, he states that this narrative contains a severe threat to deter from all sins, as a small sin leads to a great loss (expulsion from Paradise). Finally, he lists the different answers that scholars have given to the question of how Iblis was able to enter Paradise (entering through theft, entering through the snake's mouth, giving insinuation from outside, etc.).

وقال الرازي إعلم ان في هذه الآية تهديدا عظيما عن كل المعاصي من وجوه [ الأول ] إنما يتصور ما جرى على آدم بسبب إقدامه على هذه الزلة الصغيرة كان على وجل شديد من المعاصي
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Beydâvî, the repetition of the command 'ihbitû' is either for emphasis or due to difference in purpose: the first refers to their descent to a place of trial where humans will contend with one another, the second refers to their descent for the sake of being subjected to religious obligation (mukallafiyyah). Furthermore, the word 'cemîan' does not require that they all descend at the same time but expresses emphasis in meaning. As for the condition 'fe-immâ ye'tiyennekum,' the 'mâ' here is additional and has reinforced the 'in'; for those who follow guidance, fear and sorrow are negated and the reward is proven to them in the most eloquent manner.

كرر للتأكيد، أو لاختلاف المقصود فإن الأول دل على أن هبوطهم إلى دار بلية يتعادون فيها ولا يخلدون، والثاني أشعر بأنهم أهبطوا للتكليف، فمن اهتدى الهدى نجا ومن ضله هلك

Comparison

Common ground

Taberî, Zemahşerî, Kurtubî, and Beydâvî converge on the view that the expression 'lâ hawfun 'aleyhim wa lâ hum yahzenûn' contains a glad tidings/promise that those who follow guidance will not experience fear on the Day of Judgment nor will they grieve over what they have left in the world. Furthermore, Zemahşerî, Kurtubî, and Beydâvî converge in their linguistic analysis regarding the fact that the 'mâ' is additional to the conditional particle 'in' in the expression 'fe-immâ ye'tiyennekum' and serves a reinforcing function. Both Ibn Kesîr and Râzî converge in bringing together both narrations and rational explanations concerning the repetition of the 'ihbitû' command in Adam's narrative and the fate of Iblis and Eve (one emphasizing narration, the other rational/comparative analysis).

Differences

While Taberî interprets the verse together using narration and linguistic analysis in the context of martyrs/the righteous not grieving over worldly blessings, Zemahşerî and Beydâvî shift the subject more toward rhetoric and grammatical parsing, concentrating on linguistic details such as the additional nature of 'mâ' and the reinforcement of the conditional particle. Kurtubî, in addition to linguistic analysis, harmonizes numerous narrations (from Ibn Abbas, Said b. Jubair, 'Umar, and Ali b. Abî Talib), adding a nuanced interpretation such as fear not being completely negated but merely lightened. Râzî, by contrast, focuses entirely on a different issue: the plural nature of the 'ihbitû' address in Adam's narrative and the wisdom of its repetition, rationally critiquing the views of exegetes such as Jubbâ'î and Abû Muslim and presenting his own synthesis; this bears traces of the rationalist/intellectual school. Ibn Kesîr, meanwhile, is predominantly narration-based, contenting himself with transmitting legendary and historical details about Adam's descent (descent to India, the manner of Iblis's entry into Paradise, etc.) and refraining from rational discussion.

Historical context

As the earliest period exegete, Taberî follows a method that is narration-heavy yet supportively employs linguistic analysis, while Zemahşerî, who came after him (an Mu'tazilite pioneer of rhetoric-focused exegesis), addresses the matter largely through linguistic and grammatical parsing. With Râzî, the element of theological and rational discussion became more pronounced, with the views of earlier exegetes (Jubbâ'î, Abû Muslim, Zemahşerî) being evaluated comparatively. In a later period, Kurtubî presented a synthetic approach by bringing together linguistic and narration materials comprehensively, enriching earlier nuances (such as fear being lightened rather than completely negated). Beydâvî, meanwhile, offered a concise and organized rhetoric analysis, simplifying the earlier linguistic accumulation (particularly from Zemahşerî). In Ibn Kesîr, the narration-heavy classical method is preserved, yet a rational evaluation is also transmitted from Râzî, such that both methods coexist. Generally, as periods advanced, linguistic and rhetoric analysis became more systematic, while narration materials (particularly in narrative accounts) continued to have a presence; a single approach did not entirely replace another, and a diversity shaped by inter-school differences (narration-reasoning, Mu'tazilite-Sunni) is evident.

Modern connection

This verse reminds us that maintaining attachment to proper guidance (hidayah) in the face of inevitable uncertainties and losses that humans encounter on their life journey is a universal need. The meticulousness that exegetes have demonstrated both in linguistic analysis and in narrations could prompt reflection in our present time that evaluating both rational/scientific methods and accumulated knowledge together when understanding a matter may be important for healthy and balanced comprehension. The nuanced interpretations that fear and sorrow can be lightened, not eliminated entirely, through proper conduct and sincerity can offer modest inspiration that patience and sincerity may be supportive attitudes in daily life when facing difficulties.

AI analysis — not a fatwa or ruling, not yet reviewed by a scholar