ءَامَنَ ٱلرَّسُولُ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِن رَّبِّهِۦ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِّن رُّسُلِهِۦ وَقَالُوا۟ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ ٱلْمَصِيرُ

“The messenger believeth in that which hath been revealed unto him from his Lord and (so do) believers. Each one believeth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers - We make no distinction between any of His messengers - and they say: We hear, and we obey. (Grant us) Thy forgiveness, our Lord. Unto Thee is the journeying.” — M. M. Pickthall

Tafsirs

AI-generated
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified

According to this scholar, the verse informs that believers have faith in Allah, His angels, His books, and His messengers, and do not make distinctions among the prophets, and submit to Allah's commands and prohibitions by saying 'we have heard and we obey.' Additionally, the verse explains that believers request that their sins be covered by saying 'Our Lord, we ask for Your forgiveness; to You is our return.' The text also discusses linguistic matters such as whether the reading of 'وكتبه' should be plural or singular as 'وكتابه', and how the verb 'يقولون' is understood in the text without being explicitly mentioned.

وتأويل الكلام: والمؤمنون كل آمن بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله، يقولون: لا نفرق بين أحد من رسله، وترك ذكر «يقولون» لدلالة الكلام عليه
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified

According to this scholar, the view is transmitted that only Prophet Hûd alone was sent to the relevant people.

قيل لم يرسل إليهم إلا هود وحده
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified

According to this scholar, it is the Sunnah to first praise Allah when making supplication, then to mention supplication/seeking forgiveness; the evidence for this view is that the angels begin with praise when seeking forgiveness for believers. Furthermore, the reason for using the word 'Lord' during supplication is the desire to make Allah the intercessor for bringing the servant from non-existence to existence and nurturing them. The concept of forgiveness has also been interpreted as the removal of punishment from one who deserves to be punished, because otherwise this would express a favor.

المسألة الثانية : السنة في الدعاء ، يبدأ في بالثناء على الله تعالى ، ثم يذكر الدعاء عقيبه ، والدليل عليه هذه الآية ، فإن الملائكة لما عزموا على الدعاء والاستغفار للمؤمنين بدأوا بالثناء
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified

Kurtubî transmits the view attributed to Hasan, Mujâhid, Dahhâk, and in one report to Ibn Abbas, that the verse belongs to the Night of Ascension; according to some, while the entire Qur'an was revealed through Gabriel, this verse is directly what the Prophet heard during the Ascension. However, some have said that because this sûrah is entirely Madinan, this could not be in the story of the Ascension. Those who accept the Ascension view transmit in detail that after the Prophet passed beyond the Sidrah of the Utmost Boundary, he reached a place where Gabriel could no longer accompany him, and there the believers said the words 'we have heard and we have obeyed, Your forgiveness,' and Allah answered these supplications by sending down the verse 'Allah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity.'

روي عن الحسن ومجاهد والضحاك : أن هذه الآية كانت في قصة المعراج وهكذا روي في بعض الروايات عن بن عباس وقال بعضهم : جميع القرآن نزل به جبريل عليه السلام على محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم إلا هذه الآية فإن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : هو الذي سمع ليلة المعراج
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified

Ibn Kesîr transmits that the Prophet is worthy of confirming this verse, and that believers have faith that Allah is One, Unique, Solitary, and Self-Sufficient, and confirm all prophets and books without making distinctions. He also transmits that the words 'we have heard and we have obeyed' are a request for forgiveness and mercy, and that Gabriel asked the Prophet to supplicate by informing him of Allah's beautiful praise for this community.

فالمؤمنون يؤمنون بأن الله واحد أحد فرد صمد لا إله غيره ولا رب سواه ويصدقون بجميع الأنبياء والرسل والكتب المنزلة من السماء على عباد الله المرسلين والأنبياء لا يفرقون بين أحد منهم فيؤمنون ببعض ويكفرون ببعض
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified

According to this scholar, the verse is a testimony and clear exposition from Allah regarding the soundness and certainty of the Prophet's faith; the Messenger is steadfast in his affair and not in doubt. Believers are those who have faith in Allah, His angels, His books, and His messengers; the inclusion of the Messenger and believers under the same ruling is either out of honor for the Messenger, or because the Messenger's faith comes through witnessing and clear perception, while believers' faith comes through consideration and logical deduction. Furthermore, the difference between the readings 'kitabihî' and 'kütübihî' is that one encompasses both singular and plural generically, while the other applies only to plurals.

شهادة وتنصيص من الله تعالى على صحة إيمانه والإعتداد به، وإنه جازم في أمره غير شاك فيه. والمؤمنون كل آمن بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله

Comparison

Common ground

Taberî, Ibn Kesîr, and Beydâvî are united on the point that the verse informs that believers have faith in Allah, His angels, His books, and His messengers without making distinctions among them. Taberî and Ibn Kesîr further emphasize that the expression 'we have heard and we have obeyed' is connected with the request for forgiveness. Reading differences (kitabihî/kütübihî, kütübihî/kitabihî) have been addressed linguistically by both Taberî and Beydâvî.

Differences

While Zemahşerî transmits a report that seems unrelated to the verse (Prophet Hûd being sent alone), others focus directly on the faith content of the verse. Fahreddin er-Râzî turns toward the etiquette of supplication and theological-rhetorical analysis of the concept of forgiveness, while Kurtubî connects the verse with the Ascension narrative and discusses the tension between this report and the sûrah being Madinan. Beydâvî, by contrast, adds a linguistic-theological layer by making a distinction between the Prophet's faith through witnessing and believers' faith through deduction. These differences stem from the scholars' methodological preferences (report-centered/linguistic/theological-oriented).

Historical context

Beginning from Taberî's early period synthesis of report and language, Zemahşerî and Râzî foreground rhetorical beauty and theological depth; Kurtubî elaborates and discusses reports in detail, while Ibn Kesîr returns to a report-centered simple reading, and Beydâvî offers a concise and systematic synthesis of language and theology. The fundamental emphasis on faith has remained constant, but the methodological depth and treatment of reports has varied according to periods.

Modern connection

This comparative reading reminds us that faith is a wholeness lived through both heart's confirmation and obedience; the expression 'we have heard and we have obeyed' may point to a submission and perseverance attitude in harmony with knowledge. The multifaceted approaches that different scholars bring to the same verse can be understood as an example of harmony between knowledge and faith, and of respectful pluralistic interpretation. The supplication ending with a request for forgiveness carries a cautious allusion to the importance of forbearance and forgiveness in individual and social relations.

AI analysis — not a fatwa or ruling, not yet reviewed by a scholar