وَٱلْمُطَلَّقَٰتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَٰثَةَ قُرُوٓءٍ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَرْحَامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤْمِنَّ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوٓا۟ إِصْلَٰحًا وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ ٱلَّذِى عَلَيْهِنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
“Women who are divorced shall wait, keeping themselves apart, three (monthly) courses. And it is not lawful for them that they should conceal that which Allah hath created in their wombs if they are believers in Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands would do better to take them back in that case if they desire a reconciliation. And they (women) have rights similar to those (of men) over them in kindness, and men are a degree above them. Allah is Mighty, Wise.” — M. M. Pickthall
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Taberî, the expression in the verse 'they should not conceal what Allah has created in their wombs' refers to the prohibition of women concealing their state of menstruation and pregnancy; a woman cannot say she is not menstruating when she is, or that she is not pregnant when she is. Different views have been transmitted regarding the reason for this concealment, and Taberî preferred the view that this concealment is forbidden in order to protect the husband's right of return to determine whether the waiting period has ended (through birth or seeing blood).
وأولى هذه الأقوال بتأويل الآية قول من قال: الذي نهيت المرأة المطلقة عن كتمانه زوجها المطلقها تطليقة أو تطليقتين مما خلق الله في رحمها الحيض، والحبل؛ لأنه لا خلاف بين الجميع أن العدة تنقضي بوضع الولد الذي خلق الله في رحمها
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified
According to this text, Allah grants His friends victory over their enemies and gives them the ability to kill them, take them captive, and release them in exchange for ransom. However, since Allah is 'Wise', He delays this until a time when the Muslims will increase and become strong; whereas people wish to hasten this matter.
ولكنه { حكيم } يؤخر ذلك إلى أن يكثروا ويعزوا وهم يعجلون
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified
According to this exegete, the determination of the three 'qur'' (periods) in the verse is an explanation that limits the previous general statement; if this verse is not considered dependent on the previous ruling, the previous expression either remains deprived of a specifying explanation or remains unclear on its own. Furthermore, 'qur'' means the woman's avoidance of marriage relations, leaving the house, and adornment; although this word is unclear on its own, it is stated that there is consensus regarding avoiding marital relations. It is transmitted that the purpose of the waiting period is the purification of the womb, and therefore it is based on the view of Said b. Musayyab that conception occurs only through intercourse.
المسألة التاسعة : المراد من تربصها بنفسها الامتناع عن النكاح ، والامتناع عن الخروج من المنزل الذي توفي زوجها فيه : والامتناع عن التزين
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Kurtubî, these verses regulate the waiting period of women, their rights after divorce, and the balance of rights and duties between spouses. In revocable divorce, the husband has the right to return to the woman during the waiting period, but once the waiting period ends, the woman becomes free regarding her own right and becomes a stranger to her husband. Furthermore, the expression 'they have rights similar to those of men upon them' indicates that women also have legitimate rights over men, while men have a degree of superiority due to their intellect and ability to provide.
وأجمع العلماء على أن الحر إذا طلق زوجته الحرة وكانت مدخولا بها تطليقة أو تطليقتين أنه أحق برجعتها ما لم تنقض عدتها وإن كرهت المرأة فإن لم يراجعها المطلق حتى انقضت عدتها فهي أحق بنفسها وتصير أجنبية منه لا تحل له إلا بخطبة ونكاح مستأنف بولي وإشهاد
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Ibn Kesîr, this verse contains a warning regarding women correctly informing about their specific conditions such as the waiting period and pregnancy; because this matter can only be known through the testimony of women and generally there is no evidence to prove it. Furthermore, the expression in the verse 'just as men have rights over women, women have rights over men' refers to mutual obligations and is exemplified with the traditions of the Prophet. It is stated that the difference between revocable divorce and irrevocable divorce did not yet exist at the time of the revelation of this verse, but emerged after the limitation of three divorces in the later verse.
ودل هذا على أن المرجع في هذا إليهن لأنه أمر لا يعلم إلا من جهتهن ويتعذر إقامة البينة غالبا على ذلك فرد الأمر إليهن وتوعدن فيه لئلا يخبرن بغير الحق
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Beydâwî, the word 'qur'' can be used for both menstruation and the period of purity between two menstruations, but what is meant in the verse is the transition from purity to menstruation; because this is what indicates the purification of the womb (not being pregnant), not menstruation. Furthermore, although the expression 'yatarabbasne' is in the form of a report, it carries the meaning of a command, and this is to draw attention to the obligation of women to comply with waiting. The expression 'bi-anfusihinna' is a stimulus and motivation to force women to suppress this tendency and wait, because their souls are inclined toward men.
وأصله الانتقال من الطهر إلى الحيض، وهو المراد به في الآية لأنه الدال على براءة الرحم لا الحيض
Comparison
Common ground
Most exegetes address the verse within the framework of women's waiting period, the conditions that should not be concealed during this period (menstruation/pregnancy), and the balance of mutual rights and duties between spouses; linguistic analysis, reports from the companions and followers, and juridical inference are used together.
Differences
While Taberî, an early exegete, compares chains of transmission and prefers one view, Râzî and Beydâwî focus more on linguistic/rhetorical and methodological discussions (general-particular, unclear-clear, command-report forms); Kurtubî grounds juridical rulings with reports from the companions, and Ibn Kesîr emphasizes the historical context (the distinction between revocable and irrevocable divorce was formed later); Zemahşerî addresses the topic in a different context (war/captives), distinguishing itself from the others.
Historical context
While Taberî, an early exegete, used a transmission-focused method to select views, later exegetes (Zemahşerî, Râzî, Beydâwî) made linguistic and methodological analyses more systematic, while Kurtubî and Ibn Kesîr elaborated on juridical and historical context in greater detail; although basic topics remained constant, methodological depth increased over time.
Modern connection
This comparative reading can draw attention to the importance of truthfulness, patience, and mutual understanding of rights and duties within the family. Today, honesty and communication based on empathy between spouses can be considered as an attitude that strengthens family peace and social solidarity. Such verses can be interpreted in a framework that reminds us of harmony between knowledge and faith, and of patient and sincere living.
AI analysis — not a fatwa or ruling, not yet reviewed by a scholar