قَالُوٓا۟ أَضْغَٰثُ أَحْلَٰمٍ وَمَا نَحْنُ بِتَأْوِيلِ ٱلْأَحْلَٰمِ بِعَٰلِمِينَ

“They answered: Jumbled dreams! And we are not knowing in the interpretation of dreams.” — M. M. Pickthall

Tafsirs

AI-generated
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified

According to this exegete, the notables around the king characterized the king's dream not as a real revelation-like dream, but as confused, uninterpretable, false and unrealistic jumbled dreams (ahlâm-ı kâzibe). The word 'adğâs' originally means a tangled bundle of vegetation and is used here through metaphorical comparison to confused dreams without interpretation. Furthermore, the negation in the phrase 'We are not among those who know the interpretation' indicates that these dreams are false and empty.

يعنون أنها أخلاط رؤيا كاذبة لا حقيقة لها. وهي جمع ضغث، والضغث: أصله الحزمة من الحشيش، يشبه بها الأحلام المختلطة التي لا تأويل لها.
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Zemahşerî, the expression 'adğâsü ahlâm' characterizes the dream as something mixed and false, consisting of fleeting thoughts of the soul or whispers of Satan. Although only a single dream is in question, the use of the plural is an exaggeration made to emphasize the falseness of the dream, just as one says 'he rides horses' even though a person rides only one horse. Furthermore, the exegete states that the sorcerers and learned men either meant by this statement that only false dreams have no interpretation in them (because interpretation is specific to true dreams), or they were admitting that their knowledge was insufficient on this matter.

فإن قلت : ما هو إلا حلم واحد ، فلم قالوا : أضغاث أحلام فجمعوا ؟ قلت : هو كما تقول : فلان يركب الخيل ويلبس عمائم الخز ، لمن لا يركب إلا فرسا واحدا وما له إلا عمامة فردة ، تزيدا في الوصف
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified

The given text passage contains no content related to the interpretation of the verse; it only presents a transition marker with a conjunctive expression to a new topic, but the continuation is not provided.

وأما قوله :
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified

Kurtubî reports that the expression 'adğâsü ahlâm' means dreams without interpretation, confused/meaningless dreams; he notes that the word 'dığs' is used for mixed things like vegetation and dry plants, and emphasizes that the dream has no real interpretation but consists only of confused fantasies.

النصب بعيد لأن المعنى : لم تر شيئا له تأويل إنما هي أضغاث أحلام أي أخلاط وواحد الأضغاث ضغث يقال لكل مختلط من بقل أو حشيش أو غيرهما ضغث
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Ibn Kesîr, this expression describes the evaluation that the king's dream is a mixture of meaningless thoughts; if the dream were truly so confused and meaningless, it could not be interpreted. In this context, he notes that the person released from prison (the butler) was one of the two young men who were in prison with Joseph, and that Satan caused him to forget the command to tell Joseph's situation to the king. After some time this person remembered Joseph and conveyed this matter to the king and those gathered with him.

لو كانت رؤيا صحيحة من أخلاط لما كان لنا معرفة بتأويلها وهو تعبيرها فعند ذلك تذكر الذي نجا من ذينك الفتيين اللذين كانا في السجن مع يوسف وكان الشيطان قد أنساه ما وصاه به يوسف من ذكر أمره للملك
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified

Beydâvî reads the seven fat cows being swallowed by the seven lean cows in the king's dream and the seven green ears and seven withered ears in parallel with each other; he states that the withered ears winding around the green ears and prevailing over them carries the same meaning as the lean cows swallowing the fat ones, and therefore the Quran did not need to further explain the condition of the ears. He also explains the grammatical reason for the adjective 'semân' appearing in the plural instead of the singular and its usage in analogy with 'sumân' instead of 'aczâf'. Regarding the advisors' answer of 'adğâsü ahlâm', he conveys that this means confused, inconsistent and empty dreams, that true dreams would be interpretable but false dreams would not be, and therefore their ignorance is an excuse.

وسبعا أخر يابسات قد أدركت فالتوت اليابسات على الخضر حتى غلبت عليها، وإنما استغنى عن بيان حالها بما قص من حال البقرات

Comparison

Common ground

Taberî, Zemahşerî, Kurtubî, Ibn Kesîr, and Beydâvî understood the expression 'adğâsü ahlâm' as confused, inconsistent, uninterpretable and unrealistic dreams; they emphasized that the advisors expressed their excuse regarding their inability to interpret the dream with this statement. Linguistic analysis based on the lexical origin of the word (tangled bundle of vegetation) also stands out as a common method.

Differences

Zemahşerî presents a linguistic refinement by explaining the plural usage (ahlâm) through the art of exaggeration and also adds the possibility that the dream stems from Satanic whispers. Taberî and Kurtubî focus more on word analysis through narrations from the Companions/Successors and poetic exemplification. Ibn Kesîr contextualizes the expression and connects it to the continuation of the narrative (the butler remembering Joseph). Beydâvî reads this expression in parallel with the cow-ear images at the beginning of the verse and provides a morphological-syntactic analogy. The view of Fahreddin er-Râzî cannot be evaluated due to missing text.

Historical context

In this reading spanning from Taberî to Beydâvî, the fundamental meaning (confused, false dream) has remained constant; over time linguistic and rhetorical analysis became increasingly detailed, with Zemahşerî the emphasis on literary refinements such as exaggeration and metaphor increased, with Ibn Kesîr contextual/narrative coherence interpretations expanded, and with Beydâvî previous linguistic knowledge was presented in a systematic synthesis.

Modern connection

This verse can point to the importance of approaching complex and seemingly meaningless situations with knowledge and reflection rather than making hasty judgments; it can remind us that accepting ignorance is a virtue and that correct interpretation is possible only through patience and knowledge. In today's uncertainties encountered, an approach that opens space for both rational and spiritual effort and combines knowledge with good judgment can draw inspiration from this reading.

AI analysis — not a fatwa or ruling, not yet reviewed by a scholar