وَٱتَّبَعْتُ مِلَّةَ ءَابَآءِىٓ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَإِسْحَٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ مَا كَانَ لَنَآ أَن نُّشْرِكَ بِٱللَّهِ مِن شَىْءٍ ذَٰلِكَ مِن فَضْلِ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَشْكُرُونَ
“And I have followed the religion of my fathers, Abraham and Isaac and Jacob. It never was for us to attribute aught as partner to Allah. This is of the bounty of Allah unto us (the seed of Abraham) and unto mankind; but most men give not thanks.” — M. M. Pickthall
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Taberî, in this verse the person expresses that he follows the religion of his lineage (Abraham, Isaac and Jacob) which is upon Islam, and that it is not permissible for him to associate partners with Allah in worship; rather, it is necessary for him to unify Him and obey Him. Furthermore, the fact that Allah sent prophets to mankind calling them to monotheism and obedience is also mentioned as a grace (favor) from Allah to mankind.
يقول: ما جاز لنا أن نجعل لله شريكا في عبادته وطاعته، بل الذي علينا إفراده بالألوهة والعبادة. يقول: اتباعي ملة آبائي إبراهيم وإسحاق ويعقوب على الإسلام
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified
Zemahşerî states that for the group of prophets, it is not appropriate to associate partners with any being such as angels, jinn, or humans, and associating partners with an idol that does not hear or see is entirely out of the question. He also explains that the expression 'zâlike' (monotheism) refers both to the messengers and to those to whom it was sent, because they drew attention to this monotheism and directed people toward it. According to different readings, he expresses that 'Ibrahim' alone is an appositive explanation (atf-ı beyan) to 'abdinâ', and that his offspring (Isaac and Jacob) is separately connected to 'abdinâ'.
ما صح لنا معشر الأنبياء أي شيء كان من ملك أو جني أو إنسي ، فضلا أن نشرك به صنما لا يسمع ولا يبصر
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified
According to this exegete, the word 'tahrim' (prohibition) in the verse does not express a general prohibition directed at all responsible persons, but rather expresses that Allah purified/kept the prophet's forefathers away from disbelief. The text explains this in the context that the verse is a response to the views of different sects and groups, and a direction toward the true religion (the belief that there is no creator, originator, and provider other than Allah).
ليس المراد بقوله : أنه حرم ذلك عليهم ، بل المراد أنه تعالى ظهر آباءه عن الكفر
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified
Kurtubî reports different views regarding what the word 'fadl' (grace/favor) in this verse means: according to some it is Islam, according to some it is reward/recompense, according to al-Kalbî it is Allah's provision, and according to some it is Allah's innumerable blessings. Furthermore, it is mentioned that reference is made to the fact that the prophets were protected from adultery, and that Allah's protecting them from shirk (associating partners) and making them prophets, as well as His sending them as messengers to mankind, is a grace (favor).
قيل : الإسلام وقيل : الثواب وقال الكلبي : من رزق الله وقيل : نعم الله التي لا تحصى لأنهم أنبياء على الحق ( ماكان ) أي ما ينبغي من للتأكيد كقولك : ما جاءني من أحد
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Ibn Kesîr, this verse describes a person abandoning the path of disbelief and shirk and following the path of the prophets. He states that when a person thus holds to the path of guidance and follows the course of the sent messengers and turns away from the path of error, Allah guides his heart to guidance, teaches him what he did not know, and makes him a leader whom others follow and a caller to the path of righteousness. This is related to Allah's revelation and command regarding monotheism, namely the affirmation that there is no deity except Allah.
يقول هجرت طريق الكفر والشرك وسلكت طريق هؤلاء المرسلين صلوات الله وسلامه عليهم أجمعين وهكذا يكون حال من سلك طريق الهدى واتبع طريق المرسلين وأعرض عن طريق الضالين فإن الله يهدي قلبه ويعلمه ما لم يكن يعلم ويجعله إماما يقتدى به في الخير وداعيا إلى سبيل الرشاد
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Beydâvî, Joseph, before giving the dream interpretation that was requested of him, called those he was addressing to monotheism and prioritized directing them to the right path; this is the method of guidance and right direction of the prophets and those scholars who follow their path. Joseph first presented the news from the unseen as a miracle, thus making it evidence for the correctness of his call and his interpretation. He indicated that what he knew came from inspiration and revelation, not from soothsaying or astrology.
كأنه أراد أن يدعوهما إلى التوحيد ويرشدهما إلى الطريق القويم قبل أن يسعف إلى ما سألاه منه
Comparison
Common ground
All exegetes read the verse through the axis of monotheism: that the prophets and their lineage are far from shirk, standing in the line of affirming Allah's oneness; and that Allah's sending messengers to mankind to inform them of guidance and monotheism is a grace (favor) is a shared emphasis.
Differences
While Taberî explains the verse mostly directly based on linguistic and transmitted reports, Zemahşerî focuses on grammatical issues and reading differences, syntactic relationships. Ar-Râzî interprets the word 'tahrim' not as a general prohibition but as the protection of the prophet's forefathers from disbelief, thus interpreting it contextually. Kurtubî presents together the different views reported regarding the word 'fadl' (Islam, reward, provision, innumerable blessings). Ibn Kesîr addresses the verse within the framework of the contrast between guidance and error from a moral/spiritual perspective. Beydâvî connects the verse to the method of guidance of the prophets in the context of the story of Joseph. These differences largely stem from each exegete's methodological priorities (linguistics, reports, context, grammar).
Historical context
While the early period exegete Taberî relied on transmitted reports and linguistic analysis, in later periods exegetes such as Zemahşerî and Beydâvî processed grammatical and rhetorical subtleties more systematically. In Ar-Râzî and Kurtubî, bringing together and discussing different views shows that the exegetical tradition evolved over time into a pluralistic and comparative structure; however, the emphasis on monotheism remained constant throughout all periods.