وَلَقَدْ هَمَّتْ بِهِۦ وَهَمَّ بِهَا لَوْلَآ أَن رَّءَا بُرْهَٰنَ رَبِّهِۦ كَذَٰلِكَ لِنَصْرِفَ عَنْهُ ٱلسُّوٓءَ وَٱلْفَحْشَآءَ إِنَّهُۥ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا ٱلْمُخْلَصِينَ
“She verily desired him, and he would have desired her if it had not been that he saw the argument of his Lord. Thus it was, that We might ward off from him evil and lewdness. Lo! he was of Our chosen slaves.” — M. M. Pickthall
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified
Taberî transmits multiple reports regarding Yûsuf's 'seeing the proof': some say it was the representation of Jacob (the appearance of his form), others say Yusuf saw a verse/writing on the wall about adultery, and still others say it was the king's vision. Taberî notes that all of these views are permissible, that Allah showed Yusuf a sign that kept him from adultery, and that this could have been in the form of Jacob's likeness, the king's likeness, or a promise. Furthermore, he states that the word 'المخلصين' (the sincere/devoted ones) read with both fatha and kesra carries the same meaning, because the person whom Allah has made sincere already worships Him sincerely, therefore both readings are correct.
وأولى الأقوال في ذلك بالصواب أن يقال: إن الله جل ثناؤه أخبر عن هم يوسف، وامرأة العزيز كل واحد منهما بصاحبه، لولا أن رأى يوسف برهان ربه، وذلك آية من آيات الله، زجرته عن ركوب ما هم به يوسف من الفاحشة. وجائز أن تكون تلك الآية صورة يعقوب، وجائز أن تكون صورة الملك
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Zemahşerî, Yusuf's expression 'hemme bihâ' (he was inclined toward her) is not a real intention of transgression, but rather the soul's inclination toward the woman due to youthful desire; this inclination was broken and prevented when he saw his Lord's proof. Moreover, he points out that the response to 'levlâ' (had it not been) is omitted, and the response is understood from the expression 'hemme bihâ'. Yusuf's patience despite this intense desire is the reason he is praised in Allah's sight; if this desire had been a real determination, he would not have been mentioned among the sincere ones.
المراد أن نفسه مالت إلى المخالطة ونازعت إليها عن شهوة الشباب وقرمه ميلا يشبه الهم به والقصد إليه ، وكما تقتضيه صورة تلك الحال التي تكاد تذهب بالعقول والعزائم . وهو يكسر ما به ويرده بالنظر في برهان الله المأخوذ على المكلفين من وجوب اجتناب المحارم
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified
According to this exegete, Prophet Yûsuf's infallibility and purity are established both by Allah's testimony through the attributes of 'المخلصين' (the sincere) and 'المتقين' (the pious), and by Iblis's own admission when he said 'إلا عبادك منهم المخلصين' (except Your sincere servants among them), confessing that he cannot lead astray those who have reached sincerity. Therefore, the grave accusations attributed to Yûsuf can only be accepted by the ignorant or those who follow the path of Iblis. Furthermore, Yûsuf's fleeing from the woman was not due to disdain for women or weakness, but because the evidences of religion prevented him from this act.
فأقر بأنه لا يمكنه إغواء المخلصين ويوسف من المخلصين لقوله تعالى : فكان هذا إقرارا من إبليس بأنه ما أغواه وما أضله عن طريقة الهدى
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified
Kurtubî transmits the view of inversion (takdim-tehir) regarding the matter of 'hemm' (inclination) in the verse: the clause 'lolâ enne reâ burhâne rabbihî' (had it not been that he saw his Lord's proof) should be read first, meaning that Yûsuf did not incline toward the act because he saw his Lord's proof. Moreover, he transmits various views among exegetes about whether Yûsuf's 'hemm' was mere inclination of the soul (without determination), simply desiring to marry her, or intending to strike her and repel her. Regarding the nature of the proof, he mentions different reports such as the idolatry scene, seeing writing on the wall, and Jacob's vision; among these, the story of the woman covering the idol is characterized as the best view because it includes the establishment of evidence.
قال أبو عبيدة : هذا على التقديم والتأخير كأنه أراد ولقد همت به ولولا أن رأى برهان ربه لهم بها وقال أحمد بن يحيى : أي همت زليخاء بالمعصية وكانت مصرة وهم يوسف ولم يواقع ما هم به فبين الهمتين فرق
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Ibn Kesîr, just as Yusuf was shown a proof, he was also kept away from evil and adultery in all his affairs; this situation demonstrates that he was among the chosen, purified, cleansed, and righteous servants.
أي كما أريناه برهانا صرفه هما كان فيه كذلك نقيه السوء والفحشاء في جميع أموره أي من المجتبين المطهرين المختارين المصطفين الأخيار
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified
According to Beydâvî, Yusuf's 'hemm' (inclination) toward the woman signifies the soul's natural inclination and the pull of desire; it does not express a willful intention and such an inclination does not fall within the scope of the command. Rather, when such an inclination arises and a person restrains himself from the act, he is worthy of praise and great reward. He states that the response to the particle 'levlâ' (had it not been) cannot be 'vehemme bihâ' (and he was inclined), because the response to conditional particles cannot come before itself, and therefore the response is understood implicitly as omitted.
والمراد بهمه عليه السلام ميل الطبع ومنازعة الشهوة لا القصد الاختياري، وذلك مما لا يدخل تحت التكليف بل الحقيق بالمدح والأجر الجزيل من الله من يكف نفسه عن الفعل عند قيام هذا الهم
Comparison
Common ground
Most exegetes do not view Yûsuf's 'hemm' as a real intention of transgression; they interpret it as a natural inclination of the soul and the pull of desire, and emphasize that the proof prevented this inclination. Regarding the nature of the proof (Jacob's representation, writing/idol scene on the wall, the king's vision), they refer to a similar body of reports, and there is a shared acceptance that Yûsuf's infallibility and absolute purity was preserved.
Differences
While Taberî and Kurtubî mainly transmit multiple reports and refrain from choosing between permissible views, Zemahşerî, Râzî, and Beydâvî emphasize linguistic and rhetorical analysis (the meaning of hemm, the omission of levlâ's response) and construct a theological defense of prophetic infallibility. Râzî additionally performs a comparative reading with other surahs (Sâd surah) and uses Iblis's confession as evidence; Ibn Kesîr briefly passes over the matter contextually without engaging in discussion.
Historical context
Early-period exegetes like Taberî present different reports side by side and largely leave open which should be preferred, whereas in later periods (from Zemahşerî onward), linguistic and rhetorical analysis along with theological concerns (the infallibility of the prophet) became more systematically incorporated into the interpretation of the verse; Kurtubî and Beydâvî harmonized this accumulated learning by presenting both the report-based and the linguistic-argumentative approach together. While the fundamental line—Yûsuf's protection—remained constant, the method of substantiating it gradually acquired linguistic and theological depth.