وَجَآءُو عَلَىٰ قَمِيصِهِۦ بِدَمٍ كَذِبٍ قَالَ بَلْ سَوَّلَتْ لَكُمْ أَنفُسُكُمْ أَمْرًا فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ وَٱللَّهُ ٱلْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَىٰ مَا تَصِفُونَ

“And they came with false blood on his shirt. He said: Nay, but your minds have beguiled you into something. (My course is) comely patience. And Allah it is Whose help is to be sought in that (predicament) which ye describe.” — M. M. Pickthall

Tafsirs

AI-generated
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Zemahşerî, the phrase 'false blood' that the brothers smeared on Yusuf's shirt is explained linguistically; he notes that this is a figurative exaggeration, described as if the lie itself were present. He also relates that Ya'kub sensed the situation through the shirt being intact and his knowledge of his sons' envy toward him, and according to some reports, he was informed of it through revelation. He also mentions a report regarding three miraculous signs found in Yusuf's shirt.

أو وصف بالمصدر مبالغة ، كأنه نفس الكذب وعينه ، كما يقال للكذاب : هو الكذب بعينه ، والزور بذاته
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified

According to this exegete, the brothers bringing the shirt stained with blood was aimed at making their words seem truthful; according to reports, they slaughtered a young goat and stained the shirt with its blood. The view of the Judge (Qadi) is related, stating that the shirt's being torn was not the reason Ya'kub understood their lie. Furthermore, the expression 'bidemin kezib' is explained based on the views of linguists (Ferrâ, Müberred, Zeccâj, and Ibn al-Anbârî) as meaning 'blood containing falsehood' ('mekzûbün fîh'), wherein the infinitive is used as an attribute through figurative exaggeration for emphasis.

قال القاضي : ولعل غرضهم في نزع قميصه عند إلقائه في غيابة الجب أن يفعلوا هذا توكيدا لصدقهم ، لأنه يبعد أن يفعلوا ذلك طمعا في نفس القميص ولا بد في المعصية من أن يقرن بهذا الخذلان ، فلو خرقوه مع لطخه بالدم لكان الإيهام أقوى ، فلما شاهد يعقوب القميص صحيحا علم كذبهم
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified

Kurtubî states in this verse that the expression 'بدم كذب' means 'ذي كذب' from a linguistic perspective, and that the use of the infinitive in place of the active or passive participle is a known usage in Arabic. He also relates that when Ya'kub examined the shirt and found no tears, he understood the brothers' lie through the fact that the sacrificial animal's shirt remained intact. Finally, he notes that the expression 'فصبر جميل' refers to patience without complaint or lament, and he conveys different grammatical ('i'rab') possibilities in this regard.

فوصف الدم بالمصدر فصار تقديره : بدم ذي كذب مثل : واسأل القرية والفاعل والمفعول قد يسميان بالمصدر
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified

Ibn Kesîr relates through Aisha's own narration of the ifk (slander) incident, recounting how the Prophet remained patient until revelation came, how after the revelation came he rejoiced and announced her acquittal, and how Aisha responded to this acquittal with praise to Allah, showing gratitude only to Allah and not to her parents. He also draws a parallel with the story of Yusuf, explaining the concept of 'patient endurance without complaint' ('sabr-ı cemîl') as patience without complaint or lament. The text also establishes a connection between the trick the brothers of Yusuf devised (staining the shirt with lamb blood) and the slanderous accusation in the ifk incident.

قالت وكنت أشد ما كنت غضبا فقال لي أبواي قومي إليه فقلت لا والله لا أقوم إليه ولا أحمده ولا أحمدكما ولكن أحمد الله الذي أنزل براءتي
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified

According to this exegete, the text conveys that the blood in the bloody shirt brought by Yusuf's brothers was not Yusuf's blood, but rather that of an animal (a lamb or young goat), and therefore the expression 'false blood' ('kâzib') refers to this forged evidence. He also relates that Ya'kub did not immediately believe his brothers' words, drawing attention to the fact that there were no tears in the shirt, and he questioned the strangeness of a wolf eating him and leaving the garment undamaged.

قال: دم سخلة شاة
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Beydâvî, the brothers brought to Ya'kub Yusuf's shirt stained with blood but not torn, which demonstrates that this was actually a lie (deception); for it is illogical that the clothing of a child eaten by a wolf would remain undamaged. Ya'kub noticed this contradiction and said, 'Your souls have made something seem easy to you,' meaning he understood that they had made a great sin seem light to themselves. According to this exegete, the expression 'patient endurance without complaint' ('sabrun cemîl') refers to patience that does not openly complain to people, and asking for help from Allah was also spoken with the possibility of what they had described (Yusuf's demise).

ما رأيت كاليوم ذئبا أحلم من هذا أكل ابني ولم يمزق عليه قميصه

Comparison

Common ground

All exegetes agree that the expression 'false blood' ('bidemin kezib') refers to a forged proof that the brothers created by staining with animal blood to support their lie about a wolf having eaten Yusuf. Additionally, the report that Ya'kub discovered this lie from the shirt being intact or not torn is related as a common narrative. The explanation that 'patient endurance without complaint' ('sabr-ı cemîl') refers to patience without complaint or lamentation is also a shared interpretation among Kurtubî, Ibn Kesîr, and Beydâvî.

Differences

While Zemahşerî, Kurtubî, and Râzî focus primarily on linguistic and rhetorical analysis (the use of infinitives in place of active or passive participles, exaggeration, grammatical parsing discussions), Taberî and Ibn Kesîr devote more space to report transmission. Ibn Kesîr's drawing of a parallel with the ifk (slander) incident distinguishes him from the others; this stems from his expertise in hadith science and his method of relating historical and political events to exegesis. Zemahşerî's inclusion of a report about 'three miraculous signs' in the shirt is also a distinctive addition of his own.

Historical context

Early exegetes like Taberî focused on report transmission in a simpler manner, while later exegetes such as Zemahşerî, Râzî, Kurtubî, and Beydâvî show more systematic and detailed linguistic and rhetorical analyses. This reflects how the methodology of tafsir became enriched with linguistic and logical analyses over time; however, the basic narrative (the false proof of blood, Ya'kub's intuition, patience) has remained constant throughout the periods.

Modern connection

This story demonstrates how patient endurance without complaint ('sabr-ı cemîl') is exemplified as a virtue in the face of hardship. Attention can be drawn to the importance of patience and sincerity against the harms caused by jealousy and misunderstandings in family relationships. Furthermore, the idea that truth can be hidden even by seemingly convincing external evidence, but can be revealed through patience and deeper insight, can inspire a thoughtful reasoning and ethic of patience in our contemporary times.

AI analysis — not a fatwa or ruling, not yet reviewed by a scholar