قَالَ قَآئِلٌ مِّنْهُمْ لَا تَقْتُلُوا۟ يُوسُفَ وَأَلْقُوهُ فِى غَيَٰبَتِ ٱلْجُبِّ يَلْتَقِطْهُ بَعْضُ ٱلسَّيَّارَةِ إِن كُنتُمْ فَٰعِلِينَ

“One among them said: Kill not Joseph but, if ye must be doing, fling him into the depth of the pit; some caravan will find him.” — M. M. Pickthall

Tafsirs

AI-generated
Taberî9-10. c.✓ Citation verified

Taberî in this section states that the word 'jubb' (well) in the verse means a well, and according to some reports, this was the name of a specific well located in Bayt al-Maqdis. He also transmits the views of Rûbîl (Rubil) and Şem'ûn regarding the identity of the person who dissuaded the brothers from killing Yusuf and suggested throwing him into the well, with supporting narrations. Finally, he explains the masculine/feminine usage difference in the phrase 'ba'du's-seyyâre' with linguistic examples.

والجب: بئر. وقيل: إنه اسم بئر ببيت المقدس
Zemahşerî12. c.✓ Citation verified

In this text, Zemahşerî, while interpreting the phrase that fire was 'cool and peaceful' for Ibrahim, states that this is an exaggerated form of expression, meaning that the fire itself became coolness and safety. The purpose is that the fire would not harm Ibrahim or would cool down, or cool down harmlessly. He also explains that Allah removed the natural properties of fire (heat and burning quality) from it and left only the property of giving light and blazing, or that He protected Ibrahim's body from the harm of fire through His power.

والمعنى : ذات برد وسلام ، فبولغ في ذلك ، كأن ذاتها برد وسلام . والمراد : ابردي فيسلم منك إبراهيم . أو ابردي بردا غير ضار . وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنه : لو لم يقل ذلك لأهلكته ببردها
Fahreddin er-Râzî12-13. c.✓ Citation verified

According to this exegete, the person from among the brothers who suggested throwing Yusuf into the well was either Rûbîl or Yehûdâ; this person was the one with the best intentions toward Yusuf, the most wise, and the oldest/most virtuous. Because the well was known to everyone and caravans constantly passed by it, throwing Yusuf there was stated to be a safer option than killing him completely, since caravans could find and rescue him. Furthermore, it is stated that the word 'iltikât' means 'taking something away from the path,' which points to a preference for acting in a way that would cause the least harm.

وكان يعلم أنه إذا طرح فيها يكون إلى السلامة أقرب ، لأن السيارة إذا جازوا وردوها ، وإذا وردوها شاهدوا ذلك الإنسان فيها ، وإذا شاهدوه أخرجوه وذهبوا به فكان إلقاؤه فيها أبعد عن الهلاك
Kurtubî13. c.✓ Citation verified

Kurtubî transmits that the hidden speaker in the phrase 'yeltakituhu ba'du's-seyyâre' in this verse could be Yehûdâ (according to Ibn Abbas), Rûbîl, or Şem'ûn; then, after explaining the linguistic meaning of the word 'iltikât,' he proceeds to the rulings concerning lakît (a foundling child) and transmits the views of jurists regarding the foundling's freedom, guardianship, and maintenance. He also supports the view transmitted from Malik that Yusuf was a small child when thrown into the well, taking the phrases 'yeltakituhu' and the fear of being eaten by a wolf in the verse as evidence.

قال بن عرفة : الالتقاط وجود الشيء على غير طلب ومنه قوله تعالى : يلتقطه بعض السيارة أي يجده من غير أن يحتسبه
İbn Kesîr14. c.✓ Citation verified

Ibn Kesîr transmits the disagreement regarding the identity of the brother who opposed those among Yusuf's brothers who were determined to kill him and made the suggestion to 'throw him to the bottom of the well'; according to Katade and Ibn Ishaq, this was Rûbîl, the eldest, according to Suddi it was Yehûdâ, and according to Mujahid it was Şem'ûn. Because Allah had an intention regarding Yusuf that must necessarily come to pass, such as prophethood and sovereignty in Egypt, the brothers were not able to kill him, and Allah turned them away from him through this suggestion. Ibn Ishaq further emphasizes that the brothers' action in this matter was embarking upon a serious matter that meant cutting off kinship ties, disrespecting their father, and showing mercilessness toward both a young and an elderly person.

ولم يكن لهم سبيل إلى قتله لأن الله تعالى كان يريد منه أمرا لابد من إمضائه وإنمائه من الإيحاء إليه بالنبوة ومن التمكين له ببلاد مصر والحكم بها فصرفهم الله عنه بمقالة روبيل فيه وإشارته عليهم بأن يلقوه في غيابة الجب
Beydâvî13. c.✓ Citation verified

According to Beydâvî, the brothers' suggestion to 'kill or throw him somewhere' indicates that before reaching a joint decision, one of them (transmitted as either Yehûdâ or Rûbîl) opposed this and suggested throwing Yusuf into the well instead of killing him. According to this person, the well was called 'the hidden well' (ghayâbetu'l-jubb) because it was hidden from human sight, and the purpose of the suggestion was for one of the passing caravans to find and take him. The phrase 'Yahlü lekum wajhu abîkum' means that their father's affection would now be directed only toward themselves.

قال قائل منهم يعني يهوذا وكان أحسنهم فيه رأيا. وقيل روبيل. لا تقتلوا يوسف فإن القتل عظيم. وألقوه في غيابت الجب في قعره، سمي بها لغيبوبته عن أعين الناظرين.

Comparison

Common ground

Taberî, Fahreddin er-Râzî, Kurtubî, Ibn Kesîr, and Beydâvî transmit the names Rûbîl, Yehûdâ, or Şem'ûn regarding the identity of the brother who dissuaded from killing Yusuf and suggested throwing him into the well, and they agree in the view that this person's intention was to save Yusuf from being killed completely. Furthermore, a common linguistic interest is evident in the fact that the well was a place visited by caravans and the linguistic meaning of the words 'iltikât/yeltakituhu'.

Differences

While Taberî and Ibn Kesîr emphasize the chain of narrations (Katade, Suddi, Mujahid, Ibn Ishaq), Fahreddin er-Râzî and Beydâvî tend more toward linguistic/rhetorical analysis and contextual reading. Kurtubî, on the other hand, carries this narrated material to a jurisprudential conclusion (rulings concerning the foundling), deepening it in a different direction. Zemahşerî, however, is an entirely different subject, as he addresses the phrase that fire was 'cool and peace' for Ibrahim through an exaggerated expression and through changing natural laws by Allah's power, with a theological-doctrinal explanation; these differences stem from the exegetes' methodological preferences (hadith school, linguistic school, jurisprudential school, and theological school).

Historical context

Early exegetes (Taberî, Ibn Kesîr) placed importance on transmitting narrations and recording the diversity of predecessor views, while later exegetes (Fahreddin er-Râzî, Kurtubî, Beydâvî), while preserving this narrated material, enriched it with linguistic analysis, contextual reading, and jurisprudential/theological conclusions. The disagreement regarding the brother's identity remained constant throughout all periods, and no consensus was reached on a definite name; this situation reflects the tafsir tradition's attitude of transmitting disagreement as it is.

Modern connection

The transmission of these different narrations together can serve as a reminder that disagreement in the scholarly tradition can be welcomed with tolerance and that transmitting information as it is without rushing to definitive judgment is a virtue. The effort in the story of Yusuf to 'find a less harmful path instead of killing' can point to the value of a constructive and harm-reducing attitude even in family disagreements. Furthermore, the notion that jealousy between brothers can lead to great injustices can be considered as a general reminder about the importance of social solidarity and patience.

AI analysis — not a fatwa or ruling, not yet reviewed by a scholar